The chief language of the Czech Republic, Czech is a Slavonic language. It is closely related to Slovak, Polish and Russian. Spoken by around 10 million people, Czech is the native tongue for the overwhelming majority in the Czech Republic (although German, Polish and Romani are also spoken there). Czech is known to intimidate and baffle learners from Western Europe and America, but for those familiar with Latin, Czech grammar will not be very different. The language has a complex system of different noun cases. It also belongs to the Indo-European family of languages along with French, German and English.
The precise date of the origin of the language is hard to estimate, though it is believed that the Slavs first settled in Europe around the 6th century and the first written Slav language was Old Church Slavonic.
Czech gradually developed as a distinct language, and even now there are several surviving texts dating back to the 13th century. The language then flourished under the 14th century Emperor Charles IV, but faced hard times with the Hussite wars and the rule of the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty. This is when Czech finally declined as a written language. Eventually, German became the language of the upper class and even to this day, strong German influences can be detected in the Czech language.
Around the second half of the 18th century, deliberate attempts were made to revive the Czech language and with the national revival movement of the 19th century, Czech gained massive appeal in most areas of education and public life. The Prague National Theatre built on the banks of the River Vlatva, is probably the most lasting symbol of this revival.
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